Sanjoli Mahajan and Jasjit Kaur Randhawa
Department of Zoology, Khalsa College Amritsar, Punjab, India 143001
Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to JKR

Received: 20-10-2022 Accepted: 06-01-2023 Published: 11-01-2023

Abstract
The knowledge of oxidative stress in fish and other animals has a great importance in the 
environmental and aquatic toxicological studies. Oxidative stress is evoked by many chemicals, 
including some pesticides, metals and other organic pollutants. Antioxidant defense systems in fish 
and other animals can be used to assess a specific area of toxicity. The present understanding of the 
role played by numerous chemical and environmental toxins in the onset of oxidative stress in the 
gonads of fishes is summarized in this article. These toxins play a significant role in the development 
of reactive oxygen species by inducing oxidative stress in both aquatic and terrestrial organisms. 
Reactive oxygen species are produced in excess, which causes oxidative damage such as lipid 
peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation, and enzyme inactivation. This review paper reveals how 
different natural and artificial toxins affect the reproductive capability and capacity of fishes, by 
showing how these toxins initiate oxidative stress and how in turn affect the structure, anatomy, 
physiology and functioning of gonads as well as reproductive cells. Antioxidant defense 
mechanisms are employed as biochemical indicators of oxidative stress. The study of these 
biomarkers and their effects can be used for biomonitoring the level of environmental toxicity in 
different organisms.

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Citation

Mahajan S and Randhawa JK (2023) Environmental Toxicity and Oxidative Stress on Gonads 
of Fishes. Environ Sci Arch 2(STI-2):3-17

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