Influence of Monsoon Dynamics and Oceanographic Conditions on Coccolithophores in the Indian Ocean

Andruleit H, Stäger S and Rogalla U, et al. (2003) Living coccolithophores in the northern Arabian Sea: ecological tolerances and environmental control. Marine Micropaleontology 49:157–181. DOI:10.1016/S0377-8398(03)00049-5.

Anning T, Nimer N and Merrett MJ, et al. (1996) Costs and benefits of calcification in coccolithophorids. Journal of Marine Systems 9:45–56. DOI:10.1016/0924-7963(96)00015-2.

Arundhathy M, Jyothibabu R and Santhikrishnan S, et al. (2021) Coccolithophores: an environmentally significant and understudied phytoplankton group in the Indian Ocean. Environ Monit Assess 193:144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08794-1.

Balch WM, Drapeau DT, and Fritz JJ (2000) Monsoonal forcing of calcification in the Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Res. Part II Top Stud Oceanogr 47(7-8): 1301–1337. DOI:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00145-9.

Baumann KH, Andruleit H and Böckel B, et al. (2005) The significance of extant coccolithophores as indicators of ocean water masses, surface water temperature, and paleoproductivity: a review. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 79(1):93–112. DOI:10.1007/BF03021756.

Beaufort L, Couapel M and Buchet N, et al. (2008) Calcite production by coccolithophores in the southeast Pacific Ocean Biogeosciences 5(4):1101–1117. DOI:10.5194/bg-5-1101-2008.

Boeckel B, and Baumann KH (2008) Vertical and lateral variations in coccolithophore community structure across the subtropical frontal zone in the South Atlantic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology 67(3-4):255–273. DOI:10.1016/J.MARMICRO.2008.01.014.

Bown PR, Lees JA and Young JR (2004) Calcareous nannoplankton evolution and diversity through time. In Coccolithophores - From molecular processes to global impact. Springer (eds Thierstein, H. R. and Young, J. R.) 481:508. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-06278-4_18.

Brown CW, and Yoder JA (1994) Coccolithophorid Blooms in the Global Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans 99(C4): 7467–7482. DOI:10.1029/93JC02156.

Chacko N and Jayaram C (2017) Variability of total suspended matter in the northern coastal Bay of Bengal as observed from satellite data. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 45 (6):1077–1083. DOI:10.1007/s12524-016-0650-x.

Chakrapani GJ and Subramanian V (1990a) Preliminary studies on the geochemistry of the Mahanadi River basin. India Chem Geol 81:241–253. DOI:10.1016/0009-2541(90)90118-Q.

Chakrapani GJ and Subramanian V (1990b) Factors controlling sediment discharge in the Mahanadi basin. India J Hydrol 117:169–185. DOI:10.1016/0022-1694(90)90091-B.

Charalampopoulou A (2011) Coccolithophores in high latitude and Polar Regions: Relationships between community composition, calcification and environmental factors. PhD thesis, Southampton University 1-300.

Edvardsen B, Egge ES, and Vaulot D (2016) Diversity and distribution of haptophytes revealed by environmental sequencing and metabarcoding–a review. Perspectives in Phycology 3:77–91. DOI:10.1127/PIP/2016/0052.

Gadgil S, Rajeevan M and Francis PA (2007) Monsoon variability: Links to major oscillations over the equatorial Pacific and Indian oceans. Curr. Sci. 93:182–194.

Gardner WD, Gundersen JS and Richardson MJ, et al. (1999) The role of seasonal and diel changes in mixed-layer depth on carbon and chlorophyll distributions in the Arabian Sea. Deep- Sea Research II, 46:1833–1858. DOI:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00046-6.

Gauns M, Madhupratap M and Ramaiah N, et al. (2005) Comparative accounts of biological productivity characteristics and estimates of carbon fluxes in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal. Deep-Sea Res. II Top Stud Oceanogr 52 (14–15):2003–2017. DOI:10.1016/J.DSR2.2005.05.009.

Geisen M, Young JR, Probert I, Sáez AG, Baumann KH, Sprengel C and Medlin LK, (2004) Species-level variation in coccolithophores. In Coccolithophores, Springer (eds Rost, B. and U. Riebesell) 327-366. DOI:10.1007/978-3-662-06278-4_13.

Guptha MVS, Mergulhao LP and Murty VSN, et al. (2005) Living coccolithophores during the northeast monsoon from the Equatorial Indian Ocean: Implications on hydrography. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 52:2048-2062. DOI:10.1016/J.DSR2.2005.05.010.

Guptha MVS, Mohan R and Muralinath AS (1995) Living coccolithophorids from the Arabian Sea. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia 100(4):551-574. DOI:10.13130/2039-4942/8601.

Haake B, Ittekkot V and Rixen T, et al. (1993) Seasonality and interannual variability of particle fluxes to the deep Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Res. I 40:1323–1344. DOI:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90114-I.

Hood RR, Kohler KE and McCreary JP, et al. (2003) A four-dimensional validation of a coupled physical–biological model of the Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 50:2917–2945. DOI:10.1016/J.DSR2.2003.07.004.

Islam MR, Begum SF and Yamaguchi Y, et al. (1999) The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers in Bangladesh: basin denudation and sedimentation. Hydrol Process 13:2907–2923.

Ittekkot V, Nair RR and Honjo S, et al. (1991) Enhanced particle fluxes in Bay of Bengal induced by injection of fresh water. Nature 351:385–387. DOI:10.1038/351385A0.

Izumo T, Montegut CB and Luo JJ, et al. (2008) The role of the western Arabian Sea upwelling in Indian monsoon rainfall variability. J Clim 21 (21):5603–5623. DOI:10.1175/2008JCLI2158.1.

Jordan RW, and Chamberlain AHL (1997) Biodiversity among haptophyte algae. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:131–152. DOI:10.1023/A:1018383817777.

Kampf J and Chapman P (2016) Upwelling Systems of the World. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, p. 433. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-42524-5.

Kinkel H, Baumann KH and Cepek M (2000) Coccolithophores in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean: response to seasonal and Late Quaternary surface water variability. Marine Micropaleontology 39(1-4):87–112. DOI:10.1016/S0377-8398(00)00016-5.

Krey J (1973) Primary production in the Indian Ocean. In The Biology of the Indian Ocean (pp. 115-126). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65468-8_7

Liu H, Sun J and Wang D, et al. (2018) Distribution of living coccolithophores in eastern Indian Ocean during spring intermonsoon. Scientific Reports, 8(1):1–12. DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-29688-w.

Madhupratap M, Prasanna Kumar S and Bhattathiri PMA, et al. (1996) Mechanism of the biological response to winter cooling in the northeastern Arabian Sea. Nature 384:549–552. DOI:10.1038/384549a0.

Martinez E, Antoine D and D'Ortenzio F, et al. (2011) Phytoplankton spring and fall blooms in the North Atlantic in the 1980s and 2000s. J Geophys Res Oceans 116:C11029. DOI:10.1029/2010JC006836.

McCarthy JJ, Garside C and Nevins JL (1999) Nitrogen dynamics during the Arabian Sea Northeast Monsoon. Deep-Sea Research II 46:1623–1664. DOI:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00038-7.

McCreary JP, Kohler KE and Hood RR, et al. (1996) A four-component model of biological activity in the Arabian Sea. Progress in Oceanography 37:193–240. DOI:10.1016/S0079-6611(96)00005-5.

McCreary JP, Kohler KE and Hood RR, et al. (2001) Influences of diurnal and intraseasonal forcing on mixed-layer and biological variability in the central Arabian Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research 106:7139–7155. DOI:10.1029/2000JC900156.

McCreary JP, Murtugudde R and Vialard J, et al. (2009) Biophysical processes in the Indian Ocean. Geophys Monogr Series 185:9–32. DOI:10.1029/2008GM000768.

McIntyre A, and Bé AW (1967) Modern coccolithophoridae of the Atlantic Ocean—I. Placoliths and cyrtoliths. In Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts 14(5):561–597. DOI:10.1016/0011-7471(67)90065-4.

Mergulhao LP, Mohan R and Murty VSN, et al. (2006) Coccolithophores from the central Arabian Sea: sediment trap results. Journal of Earth System Science 115(4):415–428. DOI:10.1007/BF02702870.

Monteiro FM, Bach LT and Brownlee C, et al. (2016) Why marine phytoplankton calcify. Science Advances 2(7):e1501822. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501822.

Muraleedharan KR, Biswas H and De TK, et al. (2007) Influence of basin-scale and mesoscale physical processes on biological productivity in the Bay of Bengal during the summer monsoon. Prog Oceanography 72:364-383. DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2006.09.012.

Murtugudde R, Seager R and Thoppil P (2007) Arabian Sea response to monsoon variations. Paleoceanography 22:PA4217. DOI:10.1029/2007PA001467.

Nair RR, Ittekkot V and Manganini SJ, et al. (1989) Increased particle flux to the deep ocean related to monsoons. Nature 338:749-751. DOI:10.1038/338749a0.

O’Brien CJ, Vogt M and Gruber N (2016) Global coccolithophore diversity: Drivers and future change. Progress in Oceanography 140:27-42. DOI:10.1016/J.POCEAN.2015.10.003.

Okada H and Honjo S (1973a) Distribution of coccolithophorids in the North and Equatorial Pacific Ocean: quantitative data on samples collected during Leg 30, Oshoro Maru, 1968 and Leg HK69-4, Hakuho Maru, 1969. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Technical Report 73(81):1-59.

Okada H and Honjo S (1973b) The distribution of oceanic coccolithophorids in the Pacific. Deep Sea Research 20:355–374. DOI:10.1016/0011-7471(73)90059-4.

Okada H and Honjo S (1975) Distribution of coccolithophores in marginal seas along the western Pacific Ocean and in the Red Sea. Marine Biology 31:271–285. DOI:10.1007/BF00387154.

Pinxian Wanga, Steven Clemensb and Luc Beaufortc, et al. (2005) Evolution and variability of the Asian monsoon system: state of the art and outstanding issues. Quaternary Science Reviews 24:595–629. DOI:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.002.

Prasanna Kumar S, Muraleedharan PM and Prasad TG, et al. (2002) Why is the Bay of Bengal less productive during summer monsoon compared to the Arabian Sea? Geophys Res Lett 29:88-81-88-84. DOI:10.1029/2002GL016013.

Ramage CS (1971) Monsoon Meteorology. Academic Press, New York, London.

Rixen T and Ittekkot V (2005) Nitrogen deficits in the Arabian Sea, implications from a three component mixing analysis. Deep Sea Res. II 1879-1891. DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.06.007

Rixen T, Gaye B and Emeis KC, et al. (2019) The ballast effect of lithogenic matter and its influences on the carbon fluxes in the Indian Ocean. Biogeosciences 16:485-503. DOI:10.5194/bg-16-485-2019, 2019.

Rixen T, Guptha MVS and Ittekkot V (2002) Sedimentation. In: In: Watts, L., Burkill, P.H., Smith, S. (Eds.), Report of the Indian Ocean Synthesis Group on the Arabian Sea Process Study, vol. 35. JGOFS International Project Office, Bergen pp. 65-73.

Rixen T, Haake B and Ittekkot V, et al. (1996) Coupling between SW monsoon-related surface and deep ocean processes as discerned from continuous particle flux measurements and correlated satellite data. J Geophys Res 101 28:569-528,582. http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/7525

Rogalla U and Andruleit H (2005) Precessional forcing of coccolithophore assemblages in the northern Arabian Sea: Implications for monsoonal dynamics during the last 200,000 years. Marine Geology 217(1-2):31-48. DOI:10.1016/j.margeo.2005.02.028

Rost B and Riebesell U (2004) Coccolithophores and the biological pump: responses to environmental changes. Coccolithophores, Springer 99-125. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-06278-4_5

Roxy M and Tanimoto Y (2007) Role of SST over the Indian Ocean in influencing the intraseasonal variability of the Indian summer monsoon. J Meteorol Soc Japan Ser II 85 (3):349-358. DOI:10.2151/jmsj.85.349

Ryabchenko V A, Gorchakov VA and Fasham MJR (1998) Seasonal dynamics and biological productivity in the Arabian Sea euphotic zone as simulated by a three-dimensional ecosystem model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 12:501-530. DOI:10.1029/98GB01183

Sabine CL, Feely RA and Gruber N, et al. (2004) The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. Science 305:367-371. DOI:10.1126/science.1097403

Sankar Prasad Lahiri and Naresh Krishna Vissa (2022) Assessment of Indian Ocean upwelling changes and its relationship with the Indian monsoon. Global and Planetary Change Volume 208: 103729. DOI:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103729

Sarangi RK and Nagendra Jaiganesh SN (2021) VIIRS boat detection (VBD) product- based night time fishing vessels observation in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal Sub-regions. Geocarto International. DOI:10.1080/10106049.2021.1878290

Schiebel R, Zeltner A and Treppke UF, et al. (2004) Distribution of diatoms, coccolithophores and planktic foraminifers along a trophic gradient during SW monsoon in the Arabian Sea. Marine Micropaleontology, 51(3-4):345-371. DOI:10.1594/PANGAEA.736805

Schott F and McCreary Jr JP (2001) The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean Prog Chem Org Nat Prod Oceanogr 51:1-123. DOI:10.1016/S0079-6611%2801%2900083-0

Stoll HM, Ziveri P and Shimizu N, et al. (2007) Relationship between coccolith Sr/Ca ratios and coccolithophore production and export in the Arabian Sea and Sargasso Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 54(5-7):581-600. DOI:10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.01.003

Subramanian V (1993) Sediment load of Indian rivers. Curr. Sci. 64, 928–930. Takahashi, K., 1991. Radiolaria: Flux, Ecology, and Taxonomy in the Pacific and Atlantic. In: S. Honjo (Ed.), Ocean Biocoenosis Series. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution pp. 303.

Sverdrup H.U (1953) On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton. J. Marine Sci. 18:287-295. DOI:10.1093/icesjms/18.3.287

Taylor AR, Brownlee C and Wheeler G (2017) Coccolithophore cell biology: chalking up progress. Annual Review of Marine Science 9(1):283-310. DOI:10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-034032

Tim Rixenab, Birgit Gayeb and Kay-Christian Emeisbc (2019) The monsoon, carbon fluxes, and the organic carbon pump in the northern Indian Ocean. Progress in Oceanography 175:24-39. DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2019.03.001

Tyrrell T and Young JR (2009) Coccolithophores. In Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, 2nd edn , (eds Steel, J. H., Turekian, K. K. & Thorpe, S. A.):3568-3576. DOI:10.1016/B978-012374473-9.00662-7

Unger D, Ittekkot V and Schafer P, et al. (2003) Seasonality and interannual variability of particle fluxes to the deep Bay of Bengal: influence of riverine input and oceanographic processes. Deep Sea Res. Part II 50:897923. DOI:10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00612-4

Vialard J, Jayakumar A and Gnanaseelan C, et al. (2012) Processes of 30–90 days sea surface temperature variability in the northern Indian Ocean during boreal summer. Clim Dyn 38 (9–10): 1901-1916. DOI:10.1007/s00382-011-1015-3

Vijith V, Vinayachandran PN and Thushara V, et al. (2016) Consequences of inhibition of mixed-layer deepening by the West India Coastal Current for winter phytoplankton bloom in the northeastern Arabian Sea. J Geophys Res Oceans 121:6583-6603. DOI:10.1002/2016JC012004

Vinayachandran PN (2009) Impact of physical processes on chlorophyll distribution in the Bay of Bengal. Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability. Geophys Monogr Ser 185:71–86. DOI:10.1029/2008GM000705

Vinayachandran, P.N, Murty V.S.N and Ramesh Babu V, (2002) Observations of barrier layer formation in the Bay of Bengal during summer monsoon. J Geophys Res Oceans 107 (C12) SRF–19. DOI:10.1029/2001JC000831

Wang B, Clemens S and Liu P (2003) Contrasting the Indian and East Asian monsoons: implications on geologic time scale. Marine Geology 201:5-21.DOI:10.1016/S0025-3227(03)00196-8

Wang P, Prell W, Blum P, et al. (2000) Proceedings of Ocean Drilling Program. Initial Reports 184, College Station, TX.

Webster PJ, Magana VO and Palmer TN, et al. (1998) Monsoons: processes, predictability, and the prospects for prediction. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (C7):14451-14510. DOI:10.1029/97JC02719

Weller RA, Baumgartner MF and Josey SA, et al. (1998) Atmospheric forcing in the Arabian Sea during 1994–1995: observations and com parisons with climatology and models. Deep Sea Res. Part II 45:1961-1999. DOI:10.1016/S0967-0645%2898%2900060-5

Wiggert JD, Jones BH and Dickey TD, et al. (2000) The northeast monsoons impact on mixing, phytoplankton biomass and nutrient cycling in the Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 47:1353-1385. DOI:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00147-2

Wiggert JD, Murtugudde RG and McClain C R (2002) Processes controlling interannual variations in wintertime (Northeast Monsoon) primary productivity in the central Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 49:2319-2343. DOI:10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00039-5

Wiggerta JD, Hoodb RR and Bansec K, et al. (2005) Monsoon-driven biogeochemical processes in the Arabian Sea. Progress in Oceanography 65:176-213. DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2005.03.008

Winter A and Siesser WG (1994) Coccolithophores. Cambridge University Press 242.

Wyrtki K (1973) Physical oceanography of the Indian ocean. In: Zeitschel, B. (Ed.), The Biology of the Indian Ocean. Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York pp.18-36. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-65468-8_3

Xinquan Zhou, Stéphanie Duchamp-Alphonse and Masa Kageyama, et al. (2020) Dynamics of primary productivity in the northeastern Bay of Bengal over the last 26 000 years. Climate of the Past 16:1969-1986. DOI:10.5194/cp-16-1969-2020

Young JR (1994) Functions of coccoliths. In Coccolithophores (eds Winter, A. and Siesser, W. G.) 63-82

Young JR, Andruleit H and Probert I (2009) Coccolith function and morphogenesis, insights from appendage-bearing coccolithophores of the family Syracosphaeraceae (Haptophyta). Journal of Phycology 45:213-226. DOI:10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00643.x

Yuki O, Junichiro K, Asuka Y, et al. (2019) Monsoon-influenced variations in plankton community structure and upper-water column stratification in the western Bay of Bengal during the past 80 ky. Paleogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 521:138-150. DOI:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.02.020