Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics and Organic Pollution in the Urban Stretch of the Gomti River, Lucknow
Sadia Z, Abbas SS, Naqvi S, Gupta S, Kumar A and Mohasin M
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.22155494
ABSTRACT
The present study provides the detailed spatio-temporal analysis and statistical assessment of three pertinent water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the urban reach of Gomti River at Lucknow for the period of 2023–2024. Four sites were selected based on the level of contamination due to combined anthropogenic, industrial and residential activities and monthly surface water samples were collected. The concentrations of the parameters were determined using standard analytical methods and the data were analyzed using statistical techniques such as multiple linear regression, descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation. The results revealed a high BOD (9.07 mg L⁻¹) and COD (39.86 mg L⁻¹) which indicates high extent of organic and chemical pollution and continuously low values of DO (mean: 3.15 mg L⁻¹) below the biological level required to support the aquatic organisms. During the summer months, dissolved oxygen was substantially reduced due to increased microbial activity, lower flow and warmer temperatures. BOD and COD were found to have a significant positive correlation (r = 0.734) which indicates their contribution to pollution severity. DO was found to have significant negative correlations with BOD (r = −0.404) and COD (r = −0.480). Regression analysis (R2 = 0.579, p < 0.001) shows that organic load has a significant influence on the COD variability, and BOD is the major determinant factor. Spatial variability revealed high levels of pollution due to untreated sewage and industrial effluents and the need for better treatment, regulation, monitoring and restoration.
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