ABSTRACT
This study explores the relationship between faecal coliform levels and dissolved oxygen concentrations in the Ganga River in India from 2018 to 2021. faecal coliform indicates microbial contamination resulting from the improper disposal of sewage, while dissolved oxygen is essential for sustaining aquatic life and maintaining ecosystem health. This study utilizes publicly available data from PIB Delhi and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to analyze temporal trends and correlations between the two variables. The hypothesis was that an increase in faecal coliform concentration would lead to a decrease in dissolved oxygen levels, and a decrease in faecal coliform levels would lead to an increase in dissolved oxygen levels in the Ganga River from 2018 to 2021. The methodology consisted of identifying a detailed material list and procedure, and discussing the valid risk factors and ethical/environmental considerations. The primary tool used for analyzing the data was statistical analysis, which revealed relevant patterns. The evaluation involved identifying the study's limitations and assessing the impact of seasonal and locational factors on the data. The results indicated an inverse correlation between faecal coliform levels and dissolved oxygen, showing higher contamination corresponding to reduced oxygen availability. The findings indicate an urgent need for a course of action to improve wastewater management and conservation initiatives, thereby mitigating pollution and restoring ecological balance in the Ganga River. The critical interaction between microbial contamination and water quality in this study provides valuable insights into environmental health and the sustainable management of freshwater resources in India.
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