ABSTRACT
Rapid urbanization and growing dependence on private motorized transport have intensified traffic congestion and air pollution in Indian metropolitan cities. Mass rapid transit systems such as the Pune Metro are therefore essential for promoting sustainable urban mobility. This study evaluates the environmental impact of the Pune Metro by integrating primary commuter survey data with secondary carbon emission and carbon credit records. The primary dataset consists of 855 structured responses capturing socio-demographic characteristics, travel behavior, and pre-metro travel modes. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests indicate a statistically significant modal shift (p < 0.05) from private vehicles and intermediate public transport toward metro rail, suggesting a reduction in vehicular kilometers traveled and associated emissions. The secondary dataset (2010–2025) was analyzed using time-series techniques and growth rate estimation to examine carbon emission and credit trends. Results show a steady increase in carbon credit generation alongside a moderation in emission growth rates. Scenario analysis suggests that a 10% increase in metro ridership could reduce transport-related CO₂ emissions by approximately 4–5%, leading to proportional gains in potential carbon credits. Overall, the findings highlight the Pune Metro’s role in reducing emission intensity and strengthening sustainable urban transport planning.
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